Posted in
Literature Updates, Sleep
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Ma N, Dinges DF, Basner M, Rao H
Contributors: Susana Vacas, Philip Kurien
Published: Sleep. 2015 Feb 1;38(2):233-40.
Acute total sleep deprivation decreases brain activation in the fronto-parietal attention network (prefrontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus) and in the salience network (insula and medial frontal cortex). Increased thalamic activation after sleep deprivation may reflect a complex interaction between the de-arousing effects of sleep loss and the arousing effects of task performance on thalamic activity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409102
Posted in
Literature Updates, Sleep
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Wong PM, Manuck SB, DiNardo MM, Korytkowski M, Muldoon MF
Contributors: Susana Vacas, Philip Kurien
Published: Sleep. 2015 Feb 1;38(2):223-31.
Shorter sleep duration may impair insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in nondiabetic white men, possibly contributing to later type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25325485
Posted in
Literature Updates, Sleep
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Wright KP Jr, Drake AL, Frey DJ, Fleshner M, Desouza CA, Gronfier C, Czeisler CA.
Contributors: Susana Vacas, Philip Kurien
Published: Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Jan 29.
The current findings demonstrate that total sleep deprivation and chronic circadian misalignment modulate cortisol levels and that chronic circadian misalignment increases plasma concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25640603
Posted in
Literature Updates, Sleep
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Fang Z, Spaeth AM, Ma N, Zhu S, Hu S, Goel N, Detre JA, Dinges DF, Rao H.
Contributors: Susana Vacas, Philip Kurien
Published: Sci Rep. 2015 Feb 3;5:8215.
Sleep deprivation has been associated with altered feeding patterns. This study reports the relationship between sleep deprivation, caloric consumption, and connectivity in affected regions of the brain. Human subjects were sleep deprived for one night, compared to the control group (normal sleep), sleep deprived individuals consumed more food during the extra wake period, and in the recovery period consumed similar total calories but with significantly more fat and less carbohydrate composition than controls. Functional MRI scanning revealed connectivity differences between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and multiple regions of the brain, with the pathways between the dACC and putamen and dACC and insula being most highly correlated with increased fat and decreased carbohydrate consumption. Based on what is known of these pathways the authors suggest a connectivity mechanism by which attentiveness and reward centers (insula and putamen) interact with homeostatic-stress centers (dACC) to explain the increased consumption of fat after sleep deprivation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25645575
Posted in
Basic Research, Literature Updates
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Shi SQ, Bichell TJ, Ihrie RA, Johnson CH.
Contributors: Philip Kurien
Published: Curr Biol. 2015 Mar 2;25(5):537-45
Patients with Angelman’s syndrome (AS) have imprinting of the paternal allele of the unbiquitin ligase encoded by the Ube3a gene and sleep disturbances inclusive of short sleep duration and increased sleep latency. The authors of this work link Ube3a to modulation of circadian rhythms through the accumulation of the molecular clock protein BMAL1 in a mouse model of AS. AS mice have lengthened endogenous circadian period lengths (which is rescued ex-vivo by unsilencing the paternal allele), and entrain faster to advances in light than wild-type controls. Additionally AS mice have an increased body weight with a higher fat composition than controls. These data provide mechanistic detail to the link between altered metabolism and circadian disruption not only in AS but more broadly as well.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660546
Posted in
Literature Updates, Sedation
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Goudra BG, Singh PM, Gouda G, Borle A, Gouda D, Dravida A, Chandrashakhara V
Contributors: Pedro Gambus
Published: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2015 Mar 3.
The authors perform a meta-analysis to explore the safety of sedation provided by anesthesiologists or non-anesthesiologists to patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. No differences were detected between the incidence of desaturation or in the need of airway intervention between both groups. Satisfaction of gastroenterologists and patients was in favor of anesthesiologists. Important limitations like no control for hemodynamics or other aspects like recovery could be studied based on the data collected. Their conclusions might raise some debate in a topic that is controversial by nature.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25732719
Posted in
Literature Updates, Sedation
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Zhang Z, Ferretti V, Güntan İ, Moro A, Steinberg EA, Ye Z, Zecharia AY, Yu X, Vyssotski AL, Brickley SG, Yustos R, Pillidge ZE, Harding EC, Wisden W, Franks NP
Contributors: Pedro Gambus
Published: Nature Neuroscience. 2015 Feb 23.
Dexmedetomidine activates mechanisms of similar nature to those activated for natural sleep induction after sleep deprivation. Using animal models including those with a selective knockdown of 2A adrenergic receptors of the locus ceruleus, the study demonstrates that to induce its sedative effect dexmedetomidine engages neuronal systems involved in natural sleep pathways, which are different to the mechanisms involved in the induction of general anesthesia.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706476
Posted in
ICU, Literature Updates
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Kamdar BB, Niessen T, Colantuoni E, King LM, Neufeld KJ, Bienvenu OJ, Rowden AM, Collop NA, Needham DM
Contributors: Rondall Lane
Published: Crit Care Med. 2015 Jan;43(1):135-41.
In this article, the authors evaluate the elusive link between delirium and sleep deprivation in 223 medical ICU patients over a 201 day period. Patient were also assessed for delirium on a regular basis. Using the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire, daily perceived sleep quality ratings were measured. Delirium was measured twice a day with the Confusion Assessment Method tool (CAM) for the ICU. In this study, perceived sleep quality was similar in ICU patients who developed delirium and those who did not. Additionally, perceived sleep quality was unrelated to delirium transition. This is another piece of work that fails to establish a link between delirium and sleep deprivation.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25230376
Posted in
ICU, Literature Updates
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Pisani MA1, Friese RS, Gehlbach BK, Schwab RJ, Weinhouse GL, Jones SF
Contributors: Rondall Lane
Published: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Jan 16.
In this review, from one of the nation’s centers for evaluating sleep in the ICU, Dr. Pisani and colleagues offer a concise update on developments in critical care medicine pertaining to sleep. Specifically, the authors provide a very nice discussion on circadian rhythm in critical illness and a good review of potentially modifiable disruptors to sleep such as noise, patient care activities and light. Additionally, the authors give very helpful descriptions with different methods of analysis of EEG enabling the reading to better understand EEG interpretation for sleep evaluation in ICU patients. Overall this is a welcomed addition to the growing body of review articles focusing on sleep in the ICU.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25594808
Posted in
ICU, Literature Updates
Posted:
March 1, 2015
Authors: Foreman B, Westwood AJ, Claassen J, Bazil CW.
Contributors: Rondall Lane
Published: J Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Feb;32(1):66-74
In the article, the researchers evaluate sleep in the ICU after initiating a multimodal approach to improving sleep. The investigators enrolled 12 patients who were admitted in a neurological ICU. Sleep promoting interventions such as environmental light (eye mask) and noise reduction (headphones) were implemented as well as prescribing melatonin. Unfortunately, for many patients, EEG recordings could not be interpreted. In those patients who recordings could be obtained, the authors found no difference between intervention and non-intervention groups.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25647773
